Feline herpesvirus, or FHV, is a widespread concern for many cat owners and veterinarians due to its contagious nature and its role in causing upper respiratory infections in cats. This blog post aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the virus and its implications.
What is FHV and How is it Spread?
Feline herpesvirus primarily induces acute upper respiratory infections in cats. Transmission avenues include:
- Direct Contact: Through saliva, ocular, or nasal secretions.
- Inhalation: Cats can contract the virus from sneeze droplets.
- Shared Items: Like food bowls and litter trays.
- Contaminated Environments: Such as bedding or grooming aids. However, FHV is more fragile than FCV and likely survives just 1-2 days in the environment.
It’s crucial to note that post-infection, almost all cats become latently infected, turning them into lifelong carriers. While many don’t exhibit symptoms or pose risks to other cats, some might shed the virus intermittently, especially under stress or suppressed immunity.
Clinical Signs of FHV Infection
Observing certain manifestations can help identify an FHV infection:
- Acute URI: Symptoms include conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, sneezing, salivation, fever, and more.
- Keratitis: A long-term FHV infection sign characterized by conjunctivitis and inflammation of the cornea.
- FHV-Associated Dermatitis: A rare symptom where the cat develops skin inflammation, especially around the nose and mouth.
Diagnosis of FHV Infection
While most cases don’t require specific FHV identification, the presence of typical URI symptoms often suffices. For precise diagnosis, ocular or oral swabs sent to a veterinary lab can confirm the virus through culture growth or PCR.
Treatment and Management
Due to the risk of secondary bacterial infections from FHV, antibiotics are commonly prescribed. Key management steps include:
- Nursing Care: Hospitalization might be necessary in severe cases for IV fluids and nutritional support.
- Dietary Measures: Offer warmed, aromatic foods to stimulate appetite.
- Antiviral Drugs: Drugs like Famciclovir for acute cases and topical ocular antiviral therapies for eye-related symptoms have proven effective.
- Isolation: In cat colonies, isolating symptomatic cats and ensuring strict hygiene can help prevent spread.
Vaccination against FHV
Regular vaccination can drastically mitigate the severity of FHV infections. Initial shots start from 8 weeks for kittens, with boosters recommended every 1-3 years. While vaccination might not prevent FHV entirely, it simplifies the management due to the single strain nature of the virus.
In conclusion, understanding and acting upon FHV symptoms, transmission, and management can significantly improve the quality of life for our feline companions. It’s always advised to seek veterinarian guidance in suspected cases for the best care.